Bayburt — Shopping & Historic Bazaars: Top Routes, Hidden Gems & Travel Guide (2026)

Curious about what makes the culinary culture of Bayburt so special? In this 2026 gastronomy and local flavor guide, we explore 13 officially registered geographical indication delicacies alongside 6 iconic cultural and sightseeing stops you should experience during your visit.

Shopping, Traditional Bazaars & Local Markets Guide in Bayburt

Exploring Bayburt (Bayburt) offers a rich shopping experience that blends modern retail avenues with centuries-old Anatolian bazaar traditions (Ahilik culture). Whether you are looking for contemporary shopping centers, bustling weekly neighborhood farmers' markets (Semt Pazarları), or authentic handmade crafts, Bayburt caters to every visitor.

In the local markets and artisan workshops of Bayburt, visitors can buy farm-fresh seasonal produce, sun-dried herbs, natural olive oil soaps, handwoven textiles, and officially registered geographical indication delicacies of Bayburt directly from local producers.

• Weekly Neighborhood Markets (Semt Pazarları): Visit early in the morning for the freshest village cheeses, organic fruits, mountain honey, and homemade preserves.
• Traditional Bazaars & Artisan Shops: Explore the central commercial streets of Bayburt for copperware, traditional textiles, ceramics, and authentic regional souvenirs.
• Local Culinary Gifts: Don't leave without packing vacuum-sealed regional spices, roasted nuts, Turkish delight, and registered local specialties of Bayburt.

What to Eat in Bayburt? Registered Local Delicacies & Gastronomy

A trip to Bayburt is incomplete without tasting its officially registered geographical indication products and centuries-old Anatolian recipes:

1. Bayburt Honey (Bal)

EU registered pure flower honey with high proline, low moisture and intense aroma, collected by Caucasian hybrid bees from the rich endemic astragalus, thyme and hundreds of plateau flowers of the Bingöl mountains.

History: Turkey's most prestigious plateau honey, which won second place in the world at the World Beekeeping Congress (Apimondia) and was registered by the European Union.

Production Method: It is produced in untouched plateaus without industry; Feeding sugar sherbet and chemical drugs is strictly prohibited.

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Honey →

2. Bayburt Stuffed Curd (Yemekler ve çorbalar)

A delicacy made by wrapping a mixture of fresh oiled tulum cheese, bulgur, butter, spring onion and mint in boiled fresh chard (beet) leaves, and baking it in a casserole with butter and milk cream on top.

History: The centuries-old gastronomic heritage of Bayburt, the land of Dede Korkut, which is the main dish of wedding and holiday tables.

Production Method: Fresh chard leaves are boiled; Curd and bulgur mixture is wrapped tightly and fried in the oven like a pomegranate.

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Stuffed Curd →

3. Bayburt Kete (Fırıncılık ve pastacılık mamulleri, hamur işleri, tatlılar)

Roasted flour mixture is added to the buttered yeast dough and baked in a stone oven like a pomegranate.

History: An indispensable bakery delicacy next to tea in the mornings in Bayburt.

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Kete →

4. Bayburt Sour Cabbage (Yemekler ve çorbalar)

Bayburt Sour Cabbage is a geographically indicated value of ours, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 11.01.2021 (with registration number 648).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Sour Cabbage →

5. Bayburt Kavut Soup (Yemekler ve çorbalar)

Bayburt Kavut Soup is a geographically indicated value of ours, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 08.06.2020 (with registration number 499).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Kavut Soup →

6. Bayburt Milk Pastry (Fırıncılık ve pastacılık mamulleri, hamur işleri, tatlılar)

Bayburt Süt Pastry is a geographically indicated value of ours, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 11.01.2021 (with registration number 647).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Milk Pastry →

7. Aydıntepe Sugar Beans (İşlenmiş ve işlenmemiş meyve ve sebzeler ile mantarlar)

Aydıntepe Sugar Bean is a geographically indicated value of ours, specific to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 09.06.2021 (with registration number 780).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Aydıntepe Sugar Beans →

8. Bayburt Stone (Diğer ürünler)

Bayburt Stone is a precious stone with a geographical indication of its official Origin Name, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 04.07.2019 (with registration number 442).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Stone →

9. Bayburt Black Beet Dish (Yemekler ve çorbalar)

Bayburt Black Beetroot Dish is a geographically indicated value of ours, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 18.02.2021 (with registration number 678).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Black Beet Dish →

10. Bayburt False Stuffed (Yemekler ve çorbalar)

Bayburt False Dolma is a geographically indicated value of ours, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 09.08.2021 (with registration number 844).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt False Stuffed →

11. Bayburt Sweet Soup (Fırıncılık ve pastacılık mamulleri, hamur işleri, tatlılar)

Ashura-like soup cooked with rosehip juice, dried fruits (plums, apricots, figs), cracked wheat and hazelnuts.

History: Historical starter dessert of Bayburt holiday mornings and weddings.

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Sweet Soup →

12. Bayburt Tarragon (Yiyecekler için çeşni / lezzet vericiler, soslar ve tuz)

Bayburt Tarragon is a value with a geographical indication of its official Origin Name, unique to the Bayburt region and registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 15.04.2025 (with registration number 1722).

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Tarragon →

13. Bayburt Ehram (Dokumalar)

Product Story & History:

Bayburt Ehram (İhram) is a traditional women's outer garment and weaving art protected by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office as a Mahrez Mark with registration number 394.

Distinctive Features & Material Profile:

A breathable, natural fabric woven on hand looms with natural sheep wool colors without using any chemical dyes, keeping you warm in winter and cool in summer.

View Official Geographical Indication Dossier for Bayburt Ehram →

Top Verified Shopping & Historic Bazaars & Must-See Landmarks in Bayburt

1. Martyr Osman Tombs and Seyir Hill

Free Public Access • GPS: 40.2610, 40.2197

History and General Information / Local Legends and Folklore

Martyr Osman Tombs consist of two monumental cut yellow stone tombs built in the 13th century during the Saltukoğulları period on a steep hill overlooking the city center of Bayburt. It is accepted that the tombs belong to Mengücek Gazi's sister Ümmühan Hatun and his brother Osman, who showed great benefits in the conquest of Anatolia. The people of Bayburt have considered this hill a sacred spiritual shelter for centuries; He prayed for Martyr Osman and Ümmühan Hatun, who were believed to be the spiritual guardians of the city. Tombs are simple and dignified monuments of Saltuklu stone decoration art.

Geographical Structure, Altitude and Natural Features

It is located on a steep hill directly opposite Bayburt Castle, at an altitude of approximately 1,620 meters above sea level. It has a dominant topography with a 360-degree view of the Çoruh River valley, Bayburt Castle and the city texture.

Visiting Hours, Days and Entrance Fees

• Entrance Fee: Free.
• Visiting Hours and Days: It is open to visitors 7 days a week from morning prayer until dusk.
• Rules, Safety and Stroller/Disabled Access: The road up the hill is asphalt and the last section has steps; Silence and decorum are essential in the tomb courtyard.
• Facilities and Facilities: There are resting benches, observation area and tomb information signs.

Transportation, Public Transit Routes and Exact Location

• Address / Open Location: Şehit Osman Mahallesi, Türbe Tepesi Mevkii, Merkez / Bayburt.
• Road Condition and Vehicle Availability: 2 km from the city center; You can reach the hill parking lot by passenger vehicle via the asphalt ramp.
• Real Public Transportation Information: Şehit Osman Mahallesi city minibuses go up to the foot of the hill.
• Parking Availability: There is a free parking area at the summit.

Spiritual Visiting Etiquette and Commemoration Guidelines

• Spiritual Adab: Fatiha and prayers should be read at the tomb sarcophagi and the city view should be watched with contemplation.
• Photo Points: Telephoto angles framing Bayburt Castle through the yellow cut stone arches of the tombs.
• Local Gastronomy Recommendation: After the visit, you should taste Bayburt pan, ziron and curd stuffed vegetables in the city center.

Explore Full 5-Section Guide & Map for Martyr Osman Tombs and Seyir Hill →

2. Historical Bayburt Castle (Çinimaçin Castle)

Free Public Access • GPS: 40.2634, 40.2298

History and General Information / Local Legends and Folklore

Bayburt Castle is a magnificent castle rising on steep and steep cliffs on the banks of the Çoruh River, its roots dating back to the 2nd millennium BC and becoming epic as "The Place Where Kam Büre's Son Bamsı Beyrek Ejected from Parasar's Bayburt Fortress" in the Dede Korkut Epics. It was named "Çinimaçin Castle" by Evliya Çelebi and historical sources due to the shining turquoise tiles on its outer walls. It was the most fortified defense shield of the Silk Road connecting the Black Sea to the Caucasus and Iran during the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, Danishmend and Ottoman periods. Anatolian Seljuk Sultan II. Inscriptions and Arabic inscriptions built by Süleymanşah and Mugisüddin Tuğrul Şah decorate the city walls. According to legend, the secret water tunnel with hundreds of steps leading from under the castle to the Çoruh River has kept the people in the castle without water for centuries.

Geographical Structure, Altitude and Natural Features

It is located on a steep limestone rocky hill at an altitude of approximately 1,600 meters above sea level, just north of the city centre. From the bastions of the castle, the bends of the Çoruh River dividing the city into two and the Bayburt plain can be viewed in a 360-degree panoramic view.

Visiting Hours, Days and Entrance Fees

• Entrance Fee: Visiting the Bayburt Castle ruins is completely free.
• Visiting Hours and Days: Open 7 days a week between 08:30 - 20:00.
• Rules, Security and Baby Stroller/Disabled Access: Parts of the city walls facing steep cliffs should not be approached, and stone stairs should be walked carefully. Due to the steep slope and stone steps, it is not suitable for strollers and wheelchairs.
• Facilities and Facilities: There are observation terraces, information boards, environmental lighting, walking paths and rest areas at the castle entrance.

Transportation, Public Transit Routes and Exact Location

• Address / Open Location: Kale Mahallesi, Kale Yolu, Merkez / Bayburt.
• Road Condition and Vehicle Availability: Adjacent to the city centre; The road leading to the castle is paving stone and asphalt; It can be easily reached by any passenger vehicle.
• Real Public Transportation Information: The castle can be reached from the city center in 15 minutes on foot or in 3 minutes by taxi.
• Parking Availability: There is a free outdoor parking area in front of the castle gate.

Contextual Experience Tips, Photography and Local Gastronomy

• Best Photography Points and Frames: Panoramic angles from the main bastion of the castle, where the Çoruh River bridges and the historical Bayburt skyline meet with the sunset.
• Light and Shooting Hours: The golden hours of sunset in the evening and the moments when the castle walls are illuminated at night.
• Local Gastronomy Recommendations: Bayburt stuffed curd, tel halva and kete at the riverside restaurants on the way down to the castle.

Explore Full 5-Section Guide & Map for Historical Bayburt Castle (Çinimaçin Castle) →

3. Historical Bayburt Grand Mosque

Free Public Access • GPS: 40.2611, 40.2253

Historical Bayburt Grand Mosque

History and General Information / Local Legends and Folklore

• Anatolian Seljuk Sultan II. Bayburt Grand Mosque, built during the reign of Gıyaseddin Mesud (1298), is the most established monumental place of worship of the city rising on the banks of the Çoruh River.
• The building's minaret with a zigzag motif, made of turquoise and eggplant purple glazed bricks, is a unique masterpiece of Seljuk tile art in the Eastern Black Sea basin.
• The wooden carved pulpit and geometric kundekari workmanship in the mosque reflect the high woodworking skill and centuries-old spiritual dignity of the Seljuk masters.

Geographical Structure, Altitude and Natural Features

• It is located on the southern bank of the Çoruh River, at an altitude of approximately 1550 meters above sea level.
• It is located at the foot of Bayburt Castle, at the intersection of the historical urban fabric and the river corridor.

Visiting Hours, Days and Entrance Fees

• Entrance Fee: It is a place of worship and entrance is completely free.
• Visiting Hours and Days: It is open for worship and visits 7 days a week, from morning prayer to night prayer.
• Rules, Safety and Stroller/Disabled Access: Mosque etiquette is required; Headscarves for women can be obtained at the entrance. The courtyard is flat and suitable for disabled access.
• Facilities and Facilities: There is a fountain, ablution room, WC and historical courtyard recreation area.

Transportation, Public Transit Routes and Exact Location

• Address / Open Location: Cami-i Kebir Mahallesi, Ulu Cami Caddesi, Merkez / Bayburt.
• Road Conditions and Vehicle Availability: It is within walking distance of the Clock Tower Square in the city center; It can be easily reached by any vehicle.
• Real Public Transportation Information: All public buses and minibus lines within Bayburt pass through Cumhuriyet Street near the mosque.
• Parking Availability: Surrounding municipality indoor and outdoor parking areas can be used.

Contextual Experience Tips, Photography and Local Gastronomy

• Spiritual Visit and Prayer Etiquette: It is essential to perform daily prayers in awe in this great temple of Seljuk heritage and to pray for Seljuk martyrs and veterans.
• Documentary & Respectful Shooting: The glazed tile bands and stone crown door details of the Seljuk minaret can be photographed with dignity outside of prayer times.
• Local Spiritual Tradition: The tradition of offering halva and kandil simit to the community continues in the mosque courtyard on Fridays and holy nights.

Explore Full 5-Section Guide & Map for Historical Bayburt Grand Mosque →

4. Sırakayalar Waterfalls and Canyon

Free Public Access • GPS: 40.0880, 40.2341

Sırakayalar Waterfalls and Canyon

History and General Information / Local Legends and Folklore

• The waterfalls located at the entrance of Sırakayalar Village, northeast of Bayburt city center, are one of the most fascinating geological canyon formations of the Çoruh River basin.
• According to local narratives, it is said that the deep crevices that make up the canyon were opened by giants splitting the rocks for lovers to meet in ancient times, and that the icy stalactites of the waterfall resemble a crystal palace during the winter months.
• The valley, consisting of two main waterfalls, Lower and Upper Waterfalls, is the apple of the eye of the city with its rich water mill history and promenade culture.

Geographical Structure, Altitude and Natural Features

• Located at an altitude of approximately 1750 meters, the canyon consists of 15-meter natural waterfalls falling between steep limestone cliffs.
• It is surrounded by birch, juniper, wild poplar and rich mountain flowers, creating a refreshing mountain microclimate in summer and huge icicles in winter.

Visiting Hours, Days and Entrance Fees

• Entrance Fee: Entrance to the canyon and waterfall area is completely free.
• Visiting Hours and Days: Open for nature walks 7 days a week from sunrise to sunset.
• Rules, Safety and Stroller/Disabled Access: Natural stone steps and paths available; You should walk carefully on rocky wet surfaces. The canyon floor is tough for strollers.
• Facilities and Facilities: Wooden bridges, observation terraces, picnic tables, camellias and village ovens are available.

Transportation, Public Transit Routes and Exact Location

• Address / Open Location: Sırakayalar Village Entrance, Center / Bayburt.
• Road Condition and Vehicle Availability: It is 16 km away from Bayburt city centre. The entire road is asphalt paved and can be reached by all kinds of passenger vehicles without any problems.
• Real Public Transportation Information: Sırakayalar village minibuses operate from Bayburt central village garage at certain hours.
• Parking Availability: Free parking is available at the canyon entrance and the village square.

Contextual Experience Tips, Photography and Local Gastronomy

• Best Photo Spots and Frames: Framing the huge canyon cliffs rising from the wooden bridge in front of the natural pool where the Lower Waterfall flows.
• Light and Shooting Hours: Noon and afternoon hours (11:00 - 15:30), when the sun illuminates the valley floor.
• Local Gastronomy Recommendations: Bayburt stuffed curd, galacoş, water pastry and yayla kuymak cooked in village butter should be tasted.

Explore Full 5-Section Guide & Map for Sırakayalar Waterfalls and Canyon →

5. Dede Korkut Tomb and Monument

Free Public Access • GPS: 40.1981, 40.5152

History and General Information / Local Legends and Folklore

Dede Korkut Tomb (Ali Baba Tomb) is a sacred spiritual place that has been visited with respect for centuries as the eternal resting place of Dede Korkut (Korkut Ata), the wise ancestor of the Turkish world, the master of bards and the narrator of epics. The tomb located in Masat Village of Bayburt has been registered as the tomb of Dede Korkut in written and oral sources since the 9th century. Most of the Dede Korkut stories take place in Bayburt and its surroundings; Bayburt Castle and Parasar Fortress play leading roles in epics. Dede Korkut heritage, which is on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative List, brings together the entire Turkish world in Masat Village with the International Dede Korkut Culture and Art Festivals held every year in July.

Geographical Structure, Altitude and Natural Features

It is located on the slopes of Masat Valley, at an altitude of approximately 1,620 meters. It is surrounded by steppe hills, green recreation groves and Masat Stream valley.

Visiting Hours, Days and Entrance Fees

• Entrance Fee: Entrance to the tomb and monument area is completely free.
• Visiting Hours and Days: It is open to visitors 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
• Rules, Safety and Stroller/Disabled Access: Respect and tranquility must be maintained in the spiritual presence of the great ancestor of the Turkish world; The tomb should be entered with respect. The area around the tomb and the memorial square are flat and accessible for disabled and strollers.
• Facilities and Facilities: There is a tomb building, Dede Korkut monument statue, monument park, rest camellias, fountain and WC.

Transportation, Public Transit Routes and Exact Location

• Address / Open Location: Masat Village, Dede Korkut Mevkii, Center / Bayburt.
• Road Condition and Vehicle Availability: It is approximately 32 km away from Bayburt city centre; Bayburt-Erzurum highway leaves the Masat junction; The road is completely asphalt and can be easily navigated by any passenger vehicle.
• Real Public Transportation Information: Masat Village minibuses depart from Bayburt center.
• Parking Availability: There is a large free parking area in front of the tomb gate.

Spiritual Visiting Etiquette and Commemoration Guidelines

• Spiritual Visit and Prayer Etiquette: It is recommended to recite Fatiha at the grave of Dede Korkut Ata and pray for the unity and prosperity of the Turkish nation.
• Documentary & Respectful Shooting: The Dede Korkut monument, depicted with the historical tomb dome and kopuz, should be photographed with dignity.
• Important Commemoration Days: International Dede Korkut Culture and Art Festival held every year in July.
• Local Spiritual Tradition: Serving traditional bulgur pilaf with meat and ayran cooked in cauldrons to the public on feast days.

Explore Full 5-Section Guide & Map for Dede Korkut Tomb and Monument →

6. Kop Mountain Martyrs' Monument and Historical Defense Positions

Free Public Access • GPS: 40.0269, 40.5198

History and General Information / Local Legends and Folklore

Kop Mountain Martyrs' Monument is a monumental structure that perpetuates the cherished memory of thousands of heroic Turkish soldiers who were martyred in the Battle of Kop Mountain, which was fought against the Russian armies in the Caucasus Front of World War I in 1916 and went down in military history as the 'Second Pleven Defense'. Turkish troops under the command of Marshal Fevzi Çakmak defended the Kop Pass for more than 5 months, despite the freezing cold and limited ammunition resources, and prevented the enemy from advancing into Anatolia. Among the local people, the legend that the footsteps of the martyrs who still keep watch at night echo on the smoky peaks of the mountain and that the land of the homeland is protected by their prayers is told with respect.

Geographical Structure, Altitude and Natural Features

It is located at an altitude of approximately 2,410 meters, at the summit of the Kop Pass, which connects the Eastern Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia. It is surrounded by high mountain meadows, thyme-scented alpine steppes and steep ridges covered with meters of snow during the winter months. The hill where the monument is located is an extremely dominant and strategic point with a 360-degree view of the Çoruh Basin and the surrounding mountain ranges.

Visiting Hours, Days and Entrance Fees

• Entrance Fee: Visiting the Martyrs' Monument and the monument area is completely free.
• Visiting Hours and Days (Mandatory): Open to visitors 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; During the winter months, it is recommended to visit during daylight hours due to heavy snow and blizzards.
• Rules, Safety and Stroller/Disabled Access: Spiritual decorum and dignity must be maintained at the Martyrs' Memorial site. Stroller and wheelchair movement can be somewhat challenging due to the stepped paths leading up to the monument and the open-air terrain; Windproof clothing is recommended.
• Facilities and Facilities: There are monument base, ceremony area, car park, information boards and recreational facilities right next to the highway.

Transportation, Public Transit Routes and Exact Location

• Address / Open Location: Kop Pass Summit, Erzurum - Bayburt Highway 35th km, Center / Bayburt.
• Road Condition and Vehicle Availability: It is 35 km from Bayburt city center and approximately 85 km from Erzurum city center; It is on the international transit highway and the asphalt road quality is high for passenger vehicles.
• Actual Public Transportation Information (Mandatory): All intercity buses and district minibuses operating from Bayburt Intercity Bus Terminal to Erzurum drop off passengers at the monument junction at the summit of Kop Pass.
• Parking Availability: There is a free outdoor parking area for approximately 50 vehicles right under the monument.

Spiritual Visiting Etiquette and Commemoration Guidelines

• Spiritual Visit and Prayer Etiquette: When visitors arrive at the monument base, they should stand with respect and recite Fatihas and Yasin-i Sharifs to the holy souls of our martyrs of the War of Independence and the Caucasian Front.
• Documentary & Respectful Shooting: The majestic architecture of the monument, its marble columns reaching into the sky and its historical defense trenches should be photographed with dignity; Casual selfies should be avoided.
• Important Commemoration Days: As part of the Kop Martyrs' Commemoration Ceremonies held every year in July, Mawlid-i Sharif is recited and a march is held with the veterans.
• Local Spiritual Tradition: On commemoration days, visitors are served traditional Bayburt kete, halva and hot tea.

Explore Full 5-Section Guide & Map for Kop Mountain Martyrs' Monument and Historical Defense Positions →

Practical Travel & Transit Planning for Bayburt (2026)

Planning Category	Verified Local Information
Region & Administrative Center	Bayburt, Türkiye
Best Time to Visit	Spring (April–June) and Autumn (September–November) for ideal sightseeing weather; Summer for highlands and coastal routes.
Public Transit & Highway Access	Regular municipal buses and local minibus cooperatives (Dolmuş) depart daily from the Bayburt Intercity Bus Terminal (Otogar) directly to Merkez.
Recommended Stay	1 to 2 full days to explore the main historical landmarks, nature trails, and local culinary stops.

Frequently Asked Questions About Visiting Bayburt

What are the must-see places to visit in Bayburt?

The top verified attractions in Bayburt include Martyr Osman Tombs and Seyir Hill, Historical Bayburt Castle (Çinimaçin Castle), Historical Bayburt Grand Mosque, Sırakayalar Waterfalls and Canyon, Dede Korkut Tomb and Monument. Each location offers documented historical or natural heritage with clear road access.

How can I get to Bayburt by public transport or car?

You can reach Bayburt easily by car via Bayburt's main provincial highways, or take regular municipal buses and district minibuses departing throughout the day from the Bayburt central bus terminal (Otogar).

What are the famous local dishes and traditional foods to try in Bayburt?

When visiting Bayburt and Bayburt, be sure to taste officially registered specialties such as Bayburt Honey, Bayburt Stuffed Curd, Bayburt Kete, Bayburt Sour Cabbage, Bayburt Kavut Soup, prepared by local artisans and traditional restaurants.

Are the attractions in Bayburt suitable for families and day trips?

Yes. Most historic monuments, parks, museums, and promenade areas in Bayburt are family-friendly and well-suited for both weekend getaways and full-day cultural itineraries.

When is the best season to visit Bayburt?

Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable temperatures for walking tours and photography in Bayburt, while summer is popular for nature recreation, plateaus, and festivals.